So I know TB is a bacteria that goes into your lungs and then blood and stuff gets in there. But, my question is how exactly? Like cancer cells multiply and take over the normal red blood cells right? So what does TB do? Does it kill normal cells too? And how does the blood and and phlem get there? thanks in advance.
Biology - 2 Answers
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1 :
TB is an aerobic bacillus that is slow growing. It contains a cell wall rich in mycolic acid. Because it is slow growing, it is also difficult to kill. And the mycolic acid makes it difficult for macrophages to eat it and destroy it, So usually, the immune system tries to wall it off. This will cause the infection to become isolated and will continue to grow. TB can affect the lungs, the brain, the lymphatic system, GI tract, genito-urinary system, bones, joints, skin, and the circulatory system. TB is recognized and attacked by the immune system, do if someone's immune system is compomised, TB will spread that much faster. TB will cause the immune system to produce many factors to try and kill the bacteria which will inadvertently kill normal cells, produce phlegm and mucus and will interfere with the proper working o certain organs. The blood appears in sputum because the damage caused by macrophages and other immune cells do not kill the bacteria and spills over to destroy normal tissue eventually causing erosion of blood vessels.
2 :
Aight. So Tb enters the lung right. Now within the lung there are specialised immune cells called aleveolar macrophages(AM). Now Tb contains mycolic acid which stops the Tb from being degraded. While most bad stuff is destroyed by AM, Tb actually lives quite happily inside AM. Inside the AM, the Tb muliply and when there's heaps of Tb, the AM cell is lysed and dies. So now you got heaps of Tb. This attracts more macrophages. The Tb then evades the macrophages, multiples within the macrophages, and lyses the macrophages when it's done. Eventually you get what's called a ganuloma, which is a collection of dead cells and other stuff. First you have a primary granuloma. Then infected macrophages move off to other sites and form secondary granulomas. Also don't forget immune cells contain all sorts of nasty chemicals like ROS(reactive oxygen species) and RNS(reactive nitrogen species). Don't let the term species confuse you, it's not really species, it's chemicals, but their called reactive oxygen species for some reason. And its pretty serious, we're talking peroxide. The chemical released by the immune cells damage the lung cells
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